Type-writing machine.



B. C. STICKNEY.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULYS, 1914. RENEWED FEB. 8,1915.

Patented Nov. 7, 1916.

WITNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

BURNHAM. G. STICKNEY, OF ELIZABETH, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO UNDERWOOD TYPEWRI'IER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE.

TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. *7, 1916.

Application filed-July 8, 1914, Serial No. 849,672. Renewed February 8, 1915. Serial No; 6,922.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, BURNHAM C. S'rioK- Nil-Y, a citizen of theUnited States,.res1d1ng in Elizabeth,- in the county of Union and.

English: and J apanese. In these forms, it-

is customary for the left-hand half of the page-to be printed in English, and therigiitnsurance forms, for instan'ce,.may be printed in thisway- The lines of English writing read-across the page, but the corresponding lines of. Q apanese writing,.although they extend in the same direction as the English lines; must be-tnrned quarter way around, so as to read. them downwardly.

In orderto provide a machine for accom-' plishing this purpose,.Ii employ a duplicate typewriting machine, comprising substantially two: typewriters fastened together side byside, with-a carriage which is slidable' from one typewriten tothe other. One of the keyboards, both upper and lower case, is devoted entirely to: Japanese characters, while in tlieother keyboard,=.one case is devoted to Japanese characters and the other to English characters.- This enables enough of the Japanese alphabet on language to be employed in. themachine tosufiice for fill- .ing in insurance policies For other kinds of work," other parts of the Japanese language or alphabet may be'used, that combin'ation- Japanese and English writing may be produced for a' varietyof purposes.

The keyboard (preferably: the" right-hand one) which is employed solely forJapane'se characters, preferably contains all of those characters which are very large; and when the carriage is used" in connection with the right-hand keyboard, the'letter-i'eedingmovements of the carriage are also very great. Such Japanese characters as are used with the English characters, are on the left hand lwybmrd, when the carriage is used in connection with the left-hand keyboard, the letter-feeding movements of the carriage are correspondingly small.- The right-hand and. left-hand carriage scales-are correspondiugly divided, and the carriage is preferably provided with two racks, one to engage coarse-pitch esca-pement mechanism on the right-hand machine, while the other engages fine-pitch escapcment mechanism on the left-hand machine, each escapement mechanism being controllable by the associated type keys. Neither rack can engage the escapement mechanism of the other machine.

All: of the Japanese characters appear in their natural positions on all the keys; but they are formed in cumbent positions upon the type-bars, sothat they make cumbent imprints upon the work-sheet; (the English characters appear in natural upright positions on the work-sheet); and hence whenwriting Japanese the letters follow one another with the top of each letter adjacent the bottom of the preceding letter, so that when the sheet is turned around, the Japanese characters appear in their natural positions, and maybe read down'the page. It will. be perceived that the letter-feeding movement of the carriage is in a direction parallel with the vertical axes ofthe Japanese letters; while the line-spacing movement at right angles to said axes.

The carriage is provided with the usual adjustable line-spacing mechanism, which maybe adjusted to one, two or three line spaces. This makes itpracticable to advance the paper to the necessary great extent to accommodate the large Japanese characters, and separate one line properly fromthe next; narrow line-spacing may be used if tion, partly in section, of Fig. 1 Fig; 3 is a d-etail'view of the escapement mechanism andrack used with one of the duplicate machines, as the right-hand one, for the production of relatively large letter-spaces. Fig; 4 is a detail view of the escapeinent mechanism for employment with the other of 'said duplicate machines, as the left-hand one, for the production of relatively small relation.-

letter-spaces. Fig. 5 is an end detail view, partly in section, of the escapement mechanism shown in Fig. 3, to illustrate the engagement with a pinion thereof of its individual rack, with the other rack for use" with the other pinion shown in inoperative Fig. 6 is a diagrammatic plan view of a series of type-bars, with type blocks each bearing a character in the English language and a character in the Japanese language, Fig. 7 is an enlarged detail view of one of the type blocks with bar attached, of the series shown in Fig. 6, and Fig. 8 is a corresponding view of a type block with bar attached, with separate characters for upper and lower case use, both in thetype-bars and'their correlating mechanism comprising a standard twin typewriting machine, like the Underwood of present day manufacture. In other words, it ismy purpose to enable the fulfilment with twin ma-' chines of well known general manufacture of the conditions presented as in the filling in, ,both in English and in other languages,

like Japanese, of commercial blanks such as insurance forms.

The difiicultiesin the way of the satisfactory conjunction of dual languages upon thekeyboard of a twin machine, when one of the languages, likeJapanese, is composed ofa vast number of 'agglutinativecharacters, naturally consist in the limited-number of keys and corresponding type-bars which are available, but such conjunction is practicable of accomplishment with the Japanese language by selecting a certain number of those characters corresponding with a complete typewriterkeyboa rd, both upper and lower case, and one case of the other keyboard, leaving the other case upon the second-keyboard for thecharacters of the Engwidths for those larger characters.

lish alphabet and signs, to properly serve the purpose. The particular manner in which I am able to fulfil these requirements is by supplying the keyboard and type-bars of one machingfbf thepair with the, larger char-'1 acters the Japanese language, both for upper ,ahd lower case, and providing, that machine with escapment mechanism capable.

of feeding letter-spaces of proportionate larger characters I mean those Japanese sign groups which, if condensed into a space occupied by a letter of the English alphabet of the size usually employed for the types in a type-writing machine, would in print be so minute as to appear indistinctly and be unreadable, and for which, therefore, an entire keyboard is utilized that said characters may be represented by types of suitably large size having concomitant feeding mechanism. The keyboard of the other machine of the pair bears upon its keys the imprint of English alphabetical characters and signs as a full set for operation in one position of .the platen, and an equal number of smaller Japanese characters, and the type-bars which carry those'English types, also bear an equal a number of smaller Japanese types, respectively, selected to be readable while occupying spaces equivalent to the spaces occupied by the-English characters, the Japanese types operating upon the platen in its other es.

or shifted position, whereby the letter-feeding mechanism for the English characters is equally applicable for the Japanese characters. I

r In the above manner, the twin machine has a:

pletely in fillingin, in both languages, print- 9.

ed blanks of the character described.

- As premised, the English characters read alike upon the keyboard and as printed upon the work-sheet, while the Japanese characters which appear upon the finger keys in their vertical reading position, are cumbent when printed upon the work-sheet, being arranged cumbent, for that purpose, uponthe type-bars, so that when the sheet is written upon andremoved from the machine, said sheet-must be turned endwise for reading of the written J apanese characters, while the English characters appear upon the sheet in upright or normal reading position.

In the figures, 1 and 2 indicate respectively the left and right-hand frame units of a twin typewriting'machine, said frame units being placed side by side and-connected together upon a common base 3, being joined also byarear carriage rail 4 and a front cari riage rail'5, these rails extending unbrokenly from the left-hand end of the frame 1 to the right-hand end of the frame 2, to form a single multiple-length track. Upon these rails may; travel a carriage 6, which may be r.

anJUnderwood typewriter carriage of the usual construction. This carriage has a front roll 7 to run along the rail 5, and collars 8 to clasp the rear carriage rail 4. The

carriage is provided with two separate feed racks 9' and 10, co-extensive in length and placed one in front of the other, these racks being arranged to mesh respectively with pinions l1 and 12, said pinions being mounted upon the left-hand and right-hand 1:.-

frames 1 and 2 respectively, where they are respectively connected toescapement wheels 13 and 14:, the latter being operable by the sets of finger-keys 15 and 16 of the. respec tive keyboards. Said keys are mounted on levers 17 and connected by sub-levers 18 to type-bars 19, which have heels 20 to thrust backwardly a universal bar 21, mounted on idle links 22 and adapted to strike a dog rocker 23, which controls the movement of the corresponding es'capement wheel, there being a separate universal bar for each set of keys, as will be understood. The finger-keys 15 comprising the keyboard of the left-hand machine 1 serve to operate type-bars having type blocks 24, upon the faces whereof are formed upper-case characters 25 and lowercase characters 26, representative each of different languages. In the present instance: the upper-case characters belong to the English alphabet, system of ordination, and punctuation. marks, while the lower-case characters 26 comprise each a sign group representative of a concrete portion of the Japanese language, the character representations, both in English and Japanese, appearing upon the finger keys in upright reading position, and the Japanese characters or sign groups upon the set of keys for said left-hand machine, being especially se' lected on account of the diminished compass they occupy, corresponding to the compass of the English characters accompanying them on the same keys and type blocks.

Upon the type blocks 24, however, the English, characters appear in their usual upright position for impress accordingly, and the Japanese characters appear in cumbent position, so that when impressed upon a work-sheet they will lie horizontally.

The type blocks 27 for the machine unit 2 at the right-hand side, are larger than the type blocks 24, and-bear types 28-inboth the upperand lower case positions which represent the complete sign or character groupings, as of the Japanese or other agglutinate language, selected as expressing such portions of thatlanguage among terms thereof in ordinary use for the particular subject in whose service the machine is intended these sign or character groupings further being selected as being incapable of clear and distinct representation within the compass of English character letter-spaces, and therefore requiring the special letter-spacing mechanism with which the machine unit 2 provided, in order that the type characters, as imprllgssed in a cumbent position, and occupy'phg greater lineal space than the Eng lish characters of the machine unit 1, may be separated bysuitable character feed intervening spaces. i 1

Thus we have in the twin typewriting machine herein described, with the dual keyboard and type-bar complements thereof, a

full character Writing capacity for the Eng lish language, and an adequate capacity in complete sign or character groupings, of different sizes, in the Japanese or other agglutinate language, the number of keys andtypebars in the whole machine representing the Japanese language largely predominating over the number of keys and type-bars representing'the English language, whereby, in a twin machine, it has become practicable to provide for the imprint of a sutiicieut number of those agglutinate characters to permit the filling in of forms like insurance forms, in Japanese, as well as in English, because of the provision for a sm'i'icient number of those 5 characters selected from the number of characters in ordinary use with reference to the particular subject or business for which the machine is intended.

Assuming that the carriage is in position i:

carriage feeds along step-by-step under the 9 action of the escapement wheel lat and pinion 12 working in carriage rack 10'; the rihbon 30 being mounted upon the usual spools 31 and operating in the usual manner.

The pitch of the teeth along rack 10, and of the cooperating teeth on pinion 12, is greater than ordinary; because the letterspace distances to be provided for use with the relatively large characters 28 require letter-feeding escapement mechanism of corrcsponding capacity. As stated, the types 28, for both upper and lower-case printing positions, are arranged cumbently, or lying upon their sides instead of on end, as is usual, so

that in operating the finger-keys 16 the types 1 28 are printed upon the work-sheet end to end instead of side by side, and the letter spaces provided between type impressions through the escapement mechanism aforesaid, separate the top of one character from x the bottom of the next adjacent character, whereby a writing line is produced in the machine in a horizontal position, which will require to be turned on end for reading purposes, as explained.

The scale 32, which extends lengthwise over both machine frame units 1 and 2, has for the unit 2 relatively widely separated graduations, with which an index 33 upon the carriage cooperates, to indicate the printing position upon the platen with respect to said scale.

lVhen the types and associated parts of the left-hand machine unit 1 are to be utilized for printing the relatively small char- 1 position over the pinion 11, the rack 9 will engage with said pinion and thus render the carriage operative in letter-spacing in the action of the escapement wheel 13, which has a proportionate number of teeth, controlled by the dog rocker 23, for effecting the usual letter-spacing for English character types.

A separate ink ribbon having spools 31, is provided for thisset of types, and the scale 32 for the portion thereof extending over the machine unit 1, has graduations whose spaces are of less extent than the spaces for the right-hand scale portion, and corresponding with the letter-spaces for the types 25, 26, for cooperation with the carriage index 33 for the letter-feed, step-by step movement of the carriage while operating in conjunction with the machine unit 1.

The types 25 representing the English characters, and whichare here shown as positioned upon the type blocks for uppercase writing, occupy the space usually provided for English characters, and the J apanese characters represented by the types 26, as for lower case Writing although obviously the positions'of these characters may be reversed), occupy no greater "lineal space than the English characters aforesaid, in order that theletter-spacing mechanism operative for the English characters may be equally operative for the Japanese characters. Vvhile the English characters, however, are positioned upon the type-bars as usual in an uprightposition to make upright impressions, the Japanese characters are cumbent to be impressed in cumbent position upon the Work-sheet, and therefore to correspond in every'respect, except'in the degree of lineal extent with the type characters 28.

The shift-keys 38, 39, for the two key-- boards are for temporary use,'either ofthem lifting up the platen 29 and the platen frame 10, and each key being held depressedby the finger ,while the operator manipulates the typek'eys. The keyboards arealso provided with permanent or locking shift-keys 41, 42, which look the platen and platen frame in the upper shift position, the carriage being adjustable back and forth between the two keyboards when both shift-keys 11, 12, are either up or down, without liability of the shift roll 43 on the platen frame striking against the end of either of the shift rails 44, which are controlled by the keys 38, 39, f1, 42, a part of the connection between said shift rail and the keys being seen at 15.

At the right of the right-hand frame unit 2 is the usual adjustable margin gage 16 for limiting the return travel of the carriage and determining the beginning of a new line. The usual left-hand margin gage is 7 omitted from the frame 2 in order to permit the shifting of the carriage 6 across to the frame 1, and the usual right-hand margin gage is omitted from the frame 1 for the same reason. The frame 1, however, carries the usual adjustable left-hand margin gage 47, which may have the usual conpections for ringing the bell and locking the reys.

Line-spacing is effected in the usual way by a line-spacing lever 48 having an arm 49 operating a slide 50 having a pawl 51, with the usual means for controlling said pawl, whereby it will engage the line-space wheel in different positions, indicated on Fig. 1 by the numerals 1, 2 and 3, for operating said line-spacing wheel to rotate the platen through a single line-space, two line-spaces, or three line-spaces. By means of this usual method of line-spacing, proportionate linespacing may be effected for the machine when in use with either the English character types or the Japanese character types. For example, when using the English character types, the platen may be moved one or two line-spaces to accord with the work to be performed, and this same line-spacing may serve when using the smaller Japanese characters on the machine unit 1; but when using the Japanese characters, both upper 10?) and lower-case, upon the machine unit 2, then on account of the extra size of these characters, it may be desirable to move the platen through two or three line-spaces to accord therewith. It is, of course, quite clear that writing produced upon a worksheet with the Japanese characters, whether those of the keyboards of the machine units 1 or 2, will require that the work-sheets be turned a quarter-way around for reading purposes, so that in reading form, these work-sheets will have their characters running vertically in the manner of'tha-t style of language, with the line-spaces vertically separating the lines of writing.

'Each keyboard may, of course, have its own work-spacing key, as indicated at 52 and 53; and, in general, each unit or section of the machine, when cooperating with the carriage 6, may be a complete type- 125 writer in itself.

While I have illustrated my invention as applied to a duplicate or twin typewriting machine comprising two machine sections or units, it is quite evident that my invention 1:0

that a greater number of the agglutinate Cit characters may be provided for.

Variations may be resorted to within the scope of the invention, and portions of the improvements may be used Without others.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and a plurality of character type-systems, the types in one type-system being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another type-system I being supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the keys of the plural keyboards bearing characters all in reading positions.

2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and a plurality of character type-systems, the types in one type-system. being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another type-system being relatively larger and supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the keys of the plural keyboards bearing characters all in reading positions. r

3. The combination, in a twin typewriting machine, of a carriage and a platen operable for two sets of types, and keys therefor, the types of one set representing English characters arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of the other set representing agglutinate characters arranged to create impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the keys for both sets of types bearing the characters they represent all in reading positions.

-l-. The combination, in a twin ty1 )ew1.-iting machine, of a carriage and a platen operable for two setsof types, and keys therefor, the types of one set representing English characters arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of the other set being relatively larger than those of the first-named set and representing agglutinate characters arranged to create impressions Whose vertical axes areperpendicularto the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the keys for both sets of types bearing the characters they represent all in reading positions. 1

The combination, in a twin typewriting machine, of a carriage and a platen operable for twosets of types, and keys therefor, the types of both sets having character representations for impression in two positions or the platen, the type characters for one position in one set of types representing English characters arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and the type characters of said set for the other position, together with the type characters for both positions in the other set of types, representing agglutinate characters all arranged to create impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the English character impressions, the keys for both. sets of types in both positions bearing the characters they represent in reading positions. I r

6. The combination, in a twin typewriting machine, of a carriage'and a platen operable for two sets of types, and keys therefor, the types of both sets having character representations for impression in two positions of the platen, the types of one set, in each of its two character impressing positions, occupying approximately the usual space accorded types in an English character writing machine, the character representations upon each type for one position being in English for impressions in normal, reading position, and the character representations upon said types for the other position being in Japanese; the other set of types being relatively largerthan the types of the first-named set and having character representations for both positions of the platen to produce impressions occupying relatively greater spaces than the impressions produced by the character representations upon said first-named set of types, the character representations upon both sets of types which are in Japanese being arranged to create impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the English character i1npressions; the keys for both sets of types bearing the characters they represent in reading positions.

7. In a. typewriting machine, the combination of aplurality of keyboards and a plurality of type-systems, each system having its individual printing center, and a )a )er carria e ad'ustable to an. one of said.

printing centers, the types in one type-system being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another type-system being relaing centers, said type-systems together representing English characters arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and agglutinate cha 'acters arranged to create impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the number of agglutinate characters upon the type systems largely predominating over the number of English characters thereon, the keys for both sets of types bearing the characters they represent all in reading positions.

In a typewriting machine, in combination, a plurality of keyboards and a plurality of type-systems, each system having its individual printing center, and a paper carriage adjustable to any one of said printing centers, said type-systems together representing English characters arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and agglutinate characters arranged to create impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, some of the agglutinate characters occupying letter-spaces corresponding to the letter-spaces occupied by the English characters, and the remainder of the ag lutinate characters occupying relatively larger letter-spaces than said English characters, the total number of agglutinate characters upon the type systems largely predominating over the number of English characters thereon, the keys for the plural keyboards bearing the characters they represent, all in reading positions.

10. In a typewriting machine, in combination, a plurality of keyboards and a. plurality of character type-systems, each system having its individual printing center, a paper carriage adjustable to any one of said printing centers, the types in one type-system occupying relatively small spaces, the types in another type-system occupying relatively large spaces, and letter-spacing mechanism for each type-system to operate coordinately in producing letter-feeding spaces for the types in each system, some of the types representing English characters and being arranged to create impressions in normal, reading position, and the majority of the types representing agglutinate characmal, reading position, an escapement mechanism actuated by the keys of said type-system to effect letter-space movements of the carriage of a. given extent, to coordinate with the impressions from said character types, the types of another type-system being relatively larger and supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, and a second escapenient mechanism controlled by the keys of said second-named type system to efi'ect lettor-space movements of the carriage of a greater extent, to coordinate with the larger spaces occupied by the impressions created by said second-named type-system, the keys of the plural keyboards bearing characters all in reading positions.

1.2. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and a plurality of character type-systems, and a paper carriage adjustable to cooperate with any one of said type-systems, each type-system being provided with its own inking ribbon, the types in one type-system being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another type-system being relatively larger and supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the keys of the plural keyboards bearing characters all in reading positions.

13. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and aplurality of type-systems, a paper carriage adjustable to cooperate with any one of said type-systems, and means to cooperate with any one of said type-systems to effect a caseshifting movement, the types in one typesystem being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another typesystem being relatively larger and supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the first-named impressions, the types of both systems having character representations for both upper and lower case positions, the keys of the plural type-systems in both positions bearing the characters they represent in reading positions.

14:. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and a plurality of character type-systems, the types in one type-system being supported for creating impressions in normal, reading position, and the types of another type-system being relatively larger and supported for creating impressions whose vertical axes are perpendicular to the vertical axes of the firstnamed impressions, a paper carriage adjustable to cooperate with either type-system, and a scale associated with each of said typesystems, said paper carriage having an index to cooperate with either scale, the keys of the plural keyboards bearing characters all in reading positions.

15. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a plurality of keyboards and a plurality o't' type-systems, the types included in one type-system being of greater lineal extent than the types included in another type-system, the keys of the plural 'keyboards displaying the characters they represent in upright reading position, and the types of the plural. systems respectively representing the characters of minor lineal extent tor printing some in upright reading and some in cumbent positions, and thecharactors or" major lineal extent all incumbent positions, those characters of both systems in cumbent positions being for impression endwise longitudinally to require for reading a quarter turn of the work-sheet bearing said cumbent impressions.

16. A typewritingmachine for filling in blanks in commercial forms in each of two languages, wherein one language represented. by a complete set of alphabetical. and other characters, and the other language by a selected number of agglutinate characters, said machine having two sets of types, each with a set of keys, one type set hearing all. agglutinate type characters in.

cumbent position and of rclativelylarge size, a paper carriage operable with both sets of types, escapement mechanism coordinating with said carriage for said agglutinatc characters, the other-type set bearing the complete alphabetical and other character set aforesaid, in upright position, and some agglutinate characters in cumbent positions, all said character represei'itations of said other type set being of relatively small size, and escapement mechanism coordinating therewith to control the carriage when coope ating therewith.

17. A typeWriting machine for filling in blanks in commercial forms in each of two languages, wherein one language is represented by a complete set of alphabetical and other characters, and the other language by a selected number of agglutinate characters, said machine having two sets of types, each with a set of keys, one type set bearing all agglutinate type characters for both upper and lower cases, in cumbent positions, and of relatively large size, a paper carriage operable with both sets of types, escapement mechanism coordinating with said carriage for said agglutinate characters, the other type set bearing the complete alphabetical and othe r character set aforesaid, as one case, in upright position, and some agglutinate characters, as the other case, in cnrnbent position, all of said character representations of said other type set being of relatively small size, escapement mechanism coordinating therewith to control the carriage when cooperating therewith, and case-shifting mechanism for said paper carriage.

18.. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright imprints upon the work-sheets; a separate set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend. vertically, side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon said sheet; a pair of separate keyboards arranged side by side; a platen cooperating with both sets of types; a carriage whereon said platen is mounted; and a pair of separate esca-pement mechanisms, one for the keys of each keyboard, for imparting step-by-step movements to said carriage to letter-space said platen.

1 In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright imprints upon the work-sheet; a separate of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend ertically, side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon said sheet; a separate set of keys for operating each set of.

types; a platen cooperating with both sets of types; and letter-spacing mechanism for said platen operative by said keys.

In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to write a language in whrch the written lines eX tend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright im prints upon the work-sheet; a separate set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side b side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon said sheet; a sepa rate set of keys for operating each set of types; a platen cooperating with both sets of types; and a pair of separate letter-spacing i'nechanisnis for said platen, one of said mechanisms operative by each set of keys.

21. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to write a language in which thewritten lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright imprints upon the work-sheet; a separate set of types constructed 'to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon said sheet; a pair of separate keyboards, one for each set of types, arranged side by side, a platen with which both setsof types coact; and letterspacing mechanism for said platen operative by the keys of said keyboards.

22. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright imprints upon the work-sheet; a separate set of types constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically. side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon said sheet; a separate set 01"" keys for operating each set of types; a platen cooperating with both sets of types; and a pair of separate letterspacing mechanisms for said platen, one of said mechanisms operative by each set oI keys; the letter-space movements imparted to said platen by one of said mechanisms being greater than those imparted by the other mechanism.

23. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two separate series of types, both of which are constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side by side, down the page, and each of which has its own printing point; a separate series of keys for operating each series of types; a platen with which both series of types coact; and a separate escapement mechanism coacting with each series ol keys for letter-spacing said platen, the letter-space movements imparted by one of said mechanisms being greater than those imparted by the other mechanism.

24. In a typewriting machine, the combination of two separate series of types having separate printing points, both of which series are constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprints upon the work-sheet; a separate series of keys for operating each series of types; a platen with which both series of types coact; and a pair of separate escapement mechanisms, one for each series of keys, for imparting endwise. stepby-step, letter-spacing movements of dif terent extent to said platen.

25. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to print characters derived from the Phenician alphabet; a separate set of types constructed to print logograms and to make cumbent imprints upon the work-sheet; a separate set of keys for operating each set of types; a platen with which both sets of types coact; and means for imparting letter-spacing movements of greater extent to said platen when writing with the second-named types than when writing with the first-named types.

26. In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to print characters derived from the Phenician alphabet; a separate set of types constructed to print logcgrams and to make cumbent imprints upon the work-sheet, the secondnamed set of types having a different printing point from the first-named set; a separate set of keys for operating each set of types; a platen with which both sets of types coact; and means for imparting letter-spacing movements of greater extent to said platen when writing with the secondnamed types than when writing with the first-named types.

In a typewriting machine, the combination of a set of types constructed to print characters derived from the Phenician alphabet in normal, reading position upon the work-sheet; a separate set of types constructed to print logograms in cumbent position upon said sheet; keys for operating said types; a platen with which both sets of types coact; and means for imparting letter-spacing movements of greater extent to said platen when writing with the secondnamed types, than when writing with the first-named types.

28. In a typewriting machine, the combination with a platen and a case-shift mechanism therefor; of a set of types constructed to write, in both case positions of the platen, a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side by side, down the page; a separate set of types constructed to write the same language in one case position oi said platen, and to write, in the other case position, a language in which the written lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page; a separate set of keys for operating each set oi types; and means for imparting letter-spacing movements of greater extent to the platen when writing with one set of types than when writing with the other set.

29. In a typewriting machine, the combinatien of a pair of separate keyboards, arranged side by side; a set of types operated by the keys of each keyboard and having separate printing points, one set of types being constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend vertically, side by side, down the page, and to make cumbent imprintsand the other set of types being constructed to write a language in which the written lines extend horizontally, one below another, across the page, and to make normal, upright imprints; a platen with which both sets of types coact; and means controlled by said keys for letterspacing said platen.

BURNHAM C. STICKNEY.

Witnesses V. O. lVns'rrHAL, JULIUS DUGKSTINE.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

